World History II Standards of Learning (SOL) Practice Test

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• Which postwar program, proposed by George C. Marshall, aimed to aid the reconstruction of Europe after WWII?
• Which international organization was created after WWI to prevent future wars but lacked enforcement power and did not include the US?
• Who headed the Anglican Church, tolerated dissenters, oversaw expansion and colonialism, and defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588?
• Who refined the process for making steel through the Bessemer process?
• The border after the war separated which two states?
• Which royal house ruled much of Central Europe and the Holy Roman Empire for centuries, influencing early modern politics?
• The Thirty Years' War began in 1618 and ended with the Treaty of Westphalia. Which of these treaties ended the war?
• Which figure is commonly associated with leading the Soviet secret police in the late 1930s and purges?
• Where did the Industrial Revolution originate?
• Which 1945 conference involved the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union to shape postwar Europe?
• Which doctrine warned European powers not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere and established a US security stance?
• Which major Catholic council reaffirmed Catholic doctrine and practices during the Counter-Reformation?
• What economic doctrine held that colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country?
• In what year did the United States enter World War I?
• What was the main goal of the United States during the early Cold War?
• Which work is associated with capitalist ideas and free markets?
• Which conference in 1814-1815 reshaped Europe by restoring monarchies and redraws the map?
• What policy involves extending a country's power through colonies, protectorates, or spheres of influence?
• Which term refers to Stalin's policy to convert agriculture into large, state-controlled farms?
• Which religious order was founded during the Counter-Reformation to spread Catholic doctrine around the world?
• In 1940, France surrendered and was divided with a puppet government. How was France governed afterward?
• Which US captain opened Japan to outside trade?
• Which city was listed as an example of an outpost of colonial authority in Latin America?
• The Reign of Terror during the French Revolution occurred during which years?
• Which French king is known as the Sun King and centralized power from Versailles?
• What does Rousseau's concept of the 'general will' refer to?
• Which Enlightenment-era painter is credited with helping transition to Romanticism in the 19th century?
• The conflict in Russia from 1917-1921 between Reds and Whites, ending with communist rule and the execution of the Romanov family, is known as the what?
• Who invented the cotton gin?
• Which term, popularized by Winston Churchill, described the division of Europe into East and West after World War II?
• Which political philosophy emerged from the Congress of Vienna and sought the continuation of some French Revolution ideas such as voting rights?
• Which description best matches the Latin American colonial system?
• What outcome did the French Revolution have?
• Galileo's telescope observations provided evidence for the heliocentric model by revealing which planetary phase?
• The Korean War occurred during which years?
• Which battle featured German air attacks on Britain and British resistance under Churchill?
• What was the Inquisition?
• Which king was executed after the English Civil War due to his Catholic-leaning policies?
• Which event symbolized the final unification of the German Empire?
• Which US general in the Pacific, later in charge of Japan's reconstruction, is known for his leadership in Pacific theater?
• Which composer is identified as a Classical composer?
• The Warsaw Pact was formed as a Soviet response to which alliance?
• Which event is associated with the radical phase of the French Revolution?
• Which economist wrote The Wealth of Nations and argued for free markets?
• The Franco-Prussian War contributed to the creation of which state?
• Under the Mandate System established after World War I, which power was responsible for administering mandates?
• Which Enlightenment thinker authored The Spirit of Laws and argued that the best government includes a separation of powers?
• Who improved the steam engine and became a central figure of the Industrial Revolution?
• Which palace became a symbol of royal power for the French monarchy under Louis XIV?
• Who was the native resident who led revolutionary efforts and liberated the northern areas of Latin America?
• The Boxer Rebellion was suppressed by which coalition?
• Which organization was first founded in the mid-1800s to promote Indian nationalism?
• When was the Warsaw Pact established?
• Which religion was central to governance and daily life in the colonial Latin American world?
• What term describes the split between the Roman Catholic Church and the new Protestant faiths, bringing major changes in religion and society?
• Who led Britain during the Battle of Britain?
• Which region in India remained independent of Mughal rule and traded silk, spices, and gems with Europe?
• Who became US president after Franklin D. Roosevelt's death during WWII?
• Who led the unification of Germany and employed Realpolitik?
• Which document, adopted by the United Nations in 1948, outlines fundamental rights and freedoms for all people?
• Which movement fueled democratic revolutions around the world, including the American and French Revolutions?
• June 6, 1944 marked which major Allied operation when troops landed on the beaches of Normandy, leading to the liberation of France?
• Which describes a major impact of the Industrial Revolution?
• Which concept argues that people consent to government for protection and that authority is derived from the governed?
• Which factors contributed to the outbreak of World War II?
• Which treaty ended World War I and created the League of Nations?
• What term refers to the Spanish conquerors who were granted governmental authority in the Americas and who later evolved into viceroys?
• Which trade network linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas and involved slaves, sugar, and metals?
• Which term describes the systematic destruction of a group based on race, religion, or ethnicity?
• Who was the king of France when the French Revolution began?
• The English Bill of Rights was signed after which event?
• Who rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1497 and reached Calicut, India?
• In what year was NATO established?
• Which genocide occurred in the Ottoman Empire during the early 1900s, resulting in mass killings of Armenian citizens?
• Mercantilism holds that a nation's wealth is primarily measured by which of the following?
• Which of the following was NOT a direct result of the Marshall Plan?
• Which statement best reflects the causes of World War I as described in the material?
• Which statement best describes the Age of Exploration after the fall of Constantinople in 1453?
• Which figure promoted humanist ideals and critical scholarship, laying groundwork for reform?
• World War I lasted from 1914 to 1918. Which of the following is listed as a major event of WWI?
• Which philosopher wrote The Social Contract and proposed that government is a contract between the governed and the rulers, with the general will representing the will of the people?
• Which movement emphasized reason, tolerance, and was a driving force behind many revolutions in the 18th century?
• A huge force in Europe during the 19th century, stimulated by national pride, economic competition, and democratic ideals, was known as what?
• What event in 1939 marked the start of World War II in Europe?
• Which 1945 conference resulted in the postwar order of Germany's occupation zones and reparations discussions?
• What term describes the exchange of crops, livestock, and diseases between the Americas and Europe after 1492?
• Which document, associated with limiting the Crown and guaranteeing Parliament's role, was enacted in 1689?
• Who proposed the heliocentric model that placed the sun at the center of the solar system?
• Which statesman served as the prime minister who unified Northern Italy?
• Which statesman changed the focus of the Thirty Years' War by prioritizing political outcomes and helped end it?
• Which three nations are commonly identified as the Axis powers?
• Which leader completed the unification of Southern Italy and contributed to unifying the country?
• Who dismissed the authority of the Pope in Rome, broke away to form the English church, and appropriated Catholic lands in England?
• Which invasion sparked the Korean War?
• Which leader made an (unsuccessful) attempt to unify Europe under France, created the Napoleonic Code, and invaded Russia?
• Who is the famous Renaissance figure known for writing sonnets, plays, and essays during the era?
• Which Italian sailor, sponsored by Queen Isabella of Spain, reached the New World in 1492?
• Which phrase best describes the social structure in the Latin American colonies?
• The French Revolution was influenced by Enlightenment ideals and the American Revolution. Which events are major markers of the Revolution?
• Which Chinese leader later adopted Soviet-style economic strategies, including Five-Year Plans and collectivization?
• Which thinker argued for communism as a critique of capitalism?
• In colonial Latin America, the conquerors who governed large territories evolved into which official?
• Which leader was Emperor of Japan from 1926 to 1989 and is associated with WWII decisions?
• What term describes a person of mixed Native and European heritage in Latin America?
• Which organization originally started as a trading company and grew to take almost complete control of India?
• The 38th Parallel marks the dividing line between which states after the war?
• Which U.S. general led Allied forces in Europe and planned the D-Day invasion?
• Which country dominated the Warsaw Pact?
• What term describes the systematic destruction of a racial, political, religious, or cultural group?
• Which Indian empire is noted for trade with European nations and the establishment of European trading outposts that influenced British textile production?
• Which policy forced peasants to join large state-run farms, leading to famine and disruption?
• Which statement best describes the Enclosure Movement?
• Which English king, son of Mary Queen of Scots, upheld the divine right and faced noble opposition?
• The Protestant Reformation contributed to which broad social changes?
• Which event involved the United States dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, leading to Japan's surrender?
• Who is credited with discovering bacteria?
• Which leader's conquests in Europe helped awaken nationalist feelings among conquered peoples?
• Who led the Bolshevik Revolution and led Soviet Russia until 1924?
• James I was the son of which queen?
• What name is given to the period during which James II was overthrown and William and Mary came to power?
• Which reformer argued that salvation is by faith alone and that the Bible is the ultimate authority?
• The Huguenots were which group?
• What is the term for the alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II?
• Which term describes the set of technologies that improved roads, farming tools, and ship design during the Enlightenment?
• Which composer is associated with the Baroque period?
• During the Industrial Revolution, political reforms included which of the following?
• Which artist is renowned for painting the Sistine Chapel ceiling and is a leading figure of the Renaissance?
• Which Protestant rulers gained power after the Glorious Revolution and signed the English Bill of Rights?
• Who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during World War II?
• Which policy did Lenin implement to retreat temporarily from full socialism, permitting private enterprise and peasants to sell surplus crops?
• Which Russian ruler westernized Russia after a grand tour of Europe?
• Which Enlightenment thinker argued that people are sovereign and consent to government for the protection of natural rights such as life, liberty, and property?
• The Suez Canal was completed in 1869 under the direction of which country?
• Who became the Nazi dictator of Germany during World War II?
• Which initiative is most closely linked with the Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation, culminating in a major ecumenical council?
• Which Enlightenment thinker promoted religious tolerance and the principle of separating church and state?
• Which monarch sponsored Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage that led to the European contact with the Americas?
• The Columbian Exchange contributed to shifts in labor in the Americas by increasing reliance on which group?
• The Warsaw Pact is best described as which of the following?
• Which thinker helped develop the ideals of humanism during the Renaissance?
• Which political philosophy from the Congress of Vienna favored maintaining the monarchy system as it had previously existed?
• Which process began with an unsuccessful revolution in 1830 and culminated in unification under Piedmont-Sardinia by 1859?
• Which figure was the king who led the unification of Italy in the 19th century?
• What system established after WWI by Britain and France divided former Ottoman territories into administrative mandates?
• Which political philosophy is defined as 'the ends justify the means' in power politics?
• The conquest of the Aztec Empire and the Inca Empire were led by which two Spanish conquistadors respectively?
• Which philosopher wrote Leviathan and argued that life in a state of nature is a struggle and that people consent to government for self-protection?
• The Korean War ended with the border set at which line?
• Stalin's plan to rapidly increase industrial production through quotas was known as the what?
• Which strait did Magellan's expedition navigate to enter the Pacific Ocean?
• The ruling family that supported the Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire during the Reformation was the?
• Which country listed gained independence in the 1800s and is located on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola?
• During which era did France, Spain, and Russia have powerful absolute monarchs?
• Which policy did China and Japan adopt to limit European influence?
• The US involvement in Korea defended which political system?
• Which statement best describes the outcomes of World War I?
• Which grand mausoleum built by the Mughal Empire in India serves as a symbol of imperial power?
• Which empire rose after the fall of Constantinople and expanded into Europe, Asia, and Africa?
• Which monarch is famously known as the Sun King?
• The storming of the Bastille is most closely associated with which revolution?
• The period 1500-1800 marked by absolute monarchies in France, Spain, and Russia is known as what?
• Which event is commonly described as the mass murder of Jews during World War II under Nazi policy?
• Who wrote Don Quixote?
• Who led the Haitian rebellion against colonial rule?
• Which industries were central to the early Industrial Revolution?
• Which invention is closely associated with James Watt's improvements?
• Which code was applied throughout Napoleon's empire and aimed to reflect Enlightenment ideals while keeping Napoleon in charge?
• The Bolshevik Revolution occurred in October 1917 and led to Soviet Russia and Russia's withdrawal from WWI.
• A result of the Congress of Vienna, which policy aimed to maintain a balance of power among European nations?
• What is the modern name of the city formerly called Constantinople that was renamed by the Ottomans?
• Which conquistador led the expedition that defeated the Aztecs and conquered Tenochtitlan?
• Which treaty ended the Thirty Years' War and affirmed that each prince could determine the religion of their state?
• Who is considered the father of communism, co-author of The Communist Manifesto?
• Which leader implemented the Five-Year Plans, collectivization, state industrialization, and the Great Purge?
• Which scientist contributed to germ theory and pioneered pasteurization?
• Which reformer taught predestination and that salvation is revealed by living a righteous life?
• Which monarch restored the monarchy after Cromwell's rule?
• In what year did the storming of the Bastille occur?
• The February 1917 Russian Revolution produced a weak provisional government and paved the way for Bolshevik power.
• Korea remained divided along the 38th parallel which of the following statements is true?
• Which document granted religious freedom to Huguenots but was later revoked by the French monarchy?
• Who formulated the law of gravity (universal gravitation)?
• Which invention allowed for the mass production of steel by removing impurities through air?
• Which statement best reflects Voltaire's view on religion and governance?
• Which principle did the English Bill of Rights help establish in England?
• What term describes a person born in Latin America of European descent?
• Which treaty ended the Thirty Years' War and laid groundwork for state sovereignty in Europe?
• After the 1940 armistice, which regime governed southern France?
• Which event on December 7, 1941 brought the United States into World War II?
• Which movement advocates redistribution of wealth to address injustices of capitalism?
• Mass killing of Jews and others by the Nazi regime during World War II is commonly known as what?
• Which empire ruled most of India and built the Taj Mahal?
• Who was the US president during World War II?
• Which Japanese prime minister militarized and industrialized Japan and was convicted of war crimes?
• The Boxer Rebellion in China was a rebellion against foreign influence and was covertly supported by which figure?
• What was a key impact of the Scientific Revolution on people's worldview?
• A consequence of Henry VIII's break with Rome was the appropriation of what by the crown?
• The Huguenots were which of the following?
• Which term describes the division line in Europe separating Soviet-controlled areas from the rest?
• What term describes the period when European nations expanded trade networks, developed new money and banking systems, and moved toward a nation-centered economy?
• What effect did the British Enclosure Movement have on rural villagers?
• Who founded the Calvinist tradition, emphasizing predestination and a righteous life as evidence of faith?
• Stalin purged the Communist Party of real or perceived threats, often with the secret police. Which term describes this campaign?
• Which general was influential in postwar European reconstruction and helped create the Marshall Plan?
• Who invented the spinning jenny?
• Which economic system emphasizes market competition and entrepreneurial initiative?
• Who used a telescope to confirm the heliocentric theory?
• The mass killings of the Tutsi minority by the Hutu majority in Rwanda are known as what?
• Which leader founded the Italian Fascist regime and led the Blackshirts?
• Which physician is known for describing the circulation of blood?
• In feudal Japan, who held the real political power while the emperor remained a figurehead?
• Which invention allowed for the growth of literacy and the printing of the Bible in vernacular languages?
• Which English reformer was an early dissenter prior to Martin Luther?
• Who developed the smallpox vaccination?
• What document issued by US President James Monroe in 1823 acknowledges Latin American independence and warns European powers against interference in the Western Hemisphere?
• Which international organization was criticized for its weakness in preventing aggression that led to World War II?
• Which Portuguese prince founded a school of navigation in 1419 to promote exploration and Christian expansion?
• The United States pledged about $12 billion to rebuild Western Europe after World War II. Which plan was this?
• The conflict that ended with a border along the 38th parallel is which war?
• Which early Chinese rebellion was suppressed by the Eight-Nation Alliance?
• What term describes the Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation, including reaffirmation of doctrine?
• Who led the English Commonwealth after Charles I's execution?
• Which of the following describes the Korean War?
• Which US general served as the Allied commander in Europe during World War II?
• Which statement best describes the outcomes of World War II?
• Which alliance was formed in 1949 for mutual defense among Western nations?
• In 1598, which document issued by King Henry Navarre granted freedom of worship to the Huguenots in France?
• Which historical movement emphasized reasoned observation and measurement leading to the scientific method?
• Which figure led revolutions in Latin America and is closely associated with liberating the northern regions?
• Which code introduced during the Napoleonic era had lasting legal influence across many European states?
• Which factor helped spread the Industrial Revolution from Britain to continental Europe and the United States?
• Which process began with failed earlier revolutions and led to a unified Italian state under Piedmont-Sardinia in the mid-19th century?
• Which genocide was led by Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge in Cambodia?
• Which conquistador conquered the Inca Empire?
• Where did Magellan meet his death during the circumnavigation voyage?
• In the Korean War, the United States backed which government?
• In 1941, Germany invaded the USSR and the Siege of Leningrad occurred. Which siege is this?
• Who formulated the laws of planetary motion, including elliptical orbits?
• Who is known as the father of the Lutheran tradition, who argued salvation by faith alone and authored the 95 Theses?
• What was a direct consequence of the Great Purge?
• Which monarch broke with the Roman Catholic Church and established the Church of England?
• What economic activity was central to the Latin American colonial system, fueling economies through mining and export?
• Which figure began the Mexican Independence movement?
• Which country established a protectorate over the Suez Canal after unrest in 1881?
• Which global economic crisis in the 1930s followed WWI and contributed to unemployment, bank failures, and political upheaval?
• North Korea during the Korean War was backed by which country?
• Whose fleet circumnavigated the globe in the 1520s, sailing through the Strait of Magellan and ending with a return to Spain?
• Which city did Cortes capture after marching from Veracruz to conquer the Aztec capital?
• Who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during World War II?
• Which reformer was a Czech dissenter who preceded Martin Luther?
• Which organization aims to prevent future wars and protect human rights after World War II?
• What term describes a political theory that centralizes all power in a single ruler?
• Which French explorer explored the Canadian coast and the St. Lawrence River?
• Which English captain was the first to circumnavigate the globe and return with spices and treasure from the Americas?